Whether you're beginning the academic process or coming back after a long absence it's important to know that reading academic articles is a learned skill, not something most people instinctively know how to do, but it can be mastered with practice and a clear strategy. Efficient reading of an academic research article involves understanding how these articles are constructed into sections and what each contains. Below is information about each section of an article, what information is contained in each section, the usefulness of each section, and tips on what to look for when reading.
Abstract: The abstract is a concise summary of the article. When deciding whether to commit to reading the whole article it is a good rule to read the abstract first. Reading the abstract should help you quickly decide if the article is going to be relevant and helpful for your own research. When reading pay attention to the problem being addressed, the primary methods being used, and the major findings.
Introduction: Just like it sounds this section contains background introductory information, the research question or hypothesis the researchers are looking to prove, and the article's main objectives. The introduction might also include information about previous research on the same topic in the field. This section is useful because it provides context for the research to come and explains why this research is necessary and significant.
Tips on what to look for in this section: Look for the gaps in research that the study is addressing and its objectives. Note any key terms or concepts the author (s) have identified for further exploration.
Methods: This section is where you will find a detailed description of the research design, participants' tools, and procedures. It's the "HOW" "WHAT" "WHEN" "WHERE" and "WHY" of the study. By reading the methods section you can gain and understanding of the study's validity and replicability. When reading this section focus on whether the methodology is appropriate for the research question. If you're doing similar research, note techniques or instruments used that might be helpful for your own project. Pay attention here and make sure that the method being used makes sense for the research being done; does the method "fit"
Results: As the title implies this is the section where the results (in the form of data and findings). This data is often presented in the form of tables, graphs, and figures. The "raw" outcomes of the research will be presented here to be analyzed. In this section, you should look for patterns, significant results, and how they are represented. Avoid diving too deep into complex data unless it is directly related to your work. Don't get lost in the weeds here.
Discussion: In this section, the results will be examined and interpreted -- i.e. discussed. The meaning and significance of the finding will be explained in lay terms. Pay attention to how the authors relate their findings to the research question and compare them to existing studies. This can be a good place to find other similar studies and articles that might be valuable for your research.
Conclusion: Here there will be a brief summary of the key findings and their implications, often including suggestions for what future research on this topic might be appropriate to pursue. This section will provide a succinct recap of the article's contributions and its broader impact. Use this section to confirm the main takeaways and evaluate the potential for future exploration.
General Tips for Reading Academic Articles:
By focusing on each section strategically, you can maximize your efficiency and gain valuable insights from academic articles.